Training the new generation of outdoor professionals?
How? Where?
I want to be a firefighter; I want to be a doctor; I want to be a
singer
I want to be an Outdoor guide, a Lodge Manager, a Captain,
an Outfitter. While singers, firefighters and doctor receive a direct
and formal education, research indicates that the majority of the
people currently employed by or involved in the outdoor industry,
have reached their professional goals without a specific education,
a degree, or a professional school (there are of course exceptions
to this rule which will be discussed later in this article). Does
our industry need a more 'formally trained' working force? Should
we encourage (or require as employers) a professional education for
the future generation of outdoor workers? Where are these skills being
taught? Where do we send the new generations of outdoor professionals
to be trained?
Following a widely spread trend the outdoor industry is experiencing
the growth of rules, ordinances, and regulations which are being applied
to several facets of the business. We have seen more regulations on
the river, in the delta, on the ocean, in the mountains; in the deserts;
on the trails. This is particularly true for those operations which
heavily depend on public land use. More regulations translate into
more external control, (indeed, more paperwork) but especially the
need for more planning and more attention to details. To make a living
in the outdoors seems deceivingly simple while in reality it is one
of the most difficult business to master. As more and more people
are trying to leave their desks behind and join the ranks of the outdoor
professionals the competition is becoming truly fierce.
So, what is the identikit of the outdoor professional of 2010? What
qualities do we seek in a perfect employee or what skills will be
requested to be a successful manager of a lodge, a charter boat, or
a touring company?
We don't intend to give an answer to all these question in a short
article, but rather we would like to give you an overview at what
it is offered to the future professionals of the outdoor.
FOREIGN LANGUAGES
While knowing a different language could give you a small edge in
some niche markets, we can safely say that knowing a second or third
language will not make you or break you. Almost all the students in
the world have been required to study and learn English, and they
arrive to our country eager to show off their English skills. So,
luckily for us in North America, the knowledge of only one language
- English - should not be a debilitating factor. Having said that,
the better you can communicate with our guests the better you will
perform. Thus, if you deal (on a continuous base) with large groups
of foreign tourist of a specific ethnicity, it may pay you back to
acquire basic language skills that will allow to better communicate
with them.
CERTIFICATIONS vs. DEGREES
There is usually a technical and a practical difference between a
"Certification" and an Academic Degree. A Certification
is the official recognition of a particular set of skills. A certification
(or a license) is typically issued by an authorized Agency or Entity
after the completion of a test or after having met specific requirements.
Certifications may also be obtained by attending a series of courses
or classes the length of which varies greatly depending on the type
of certification one's seeks to receive.
An Academic Degree, such as Outdoor Recreation Degree is, on the
other hand, a more generic educational title which it is earned by
attending a series of classes and courses with an accredited Institution.
One generation ago the role of the institutional educator for the
tourist industry was de facto assumed by an extensive network of local
Travel Agency where the aspirant tourist managers could obtain their
first taste of the tourist world: ticketing, commissions, reservations,
cancellations, complaints, geography, basic accounting. Several countries
in the world are now recognizing that the tourist industry needs to
rise up to the challenges of a very competitive market and thus they
are advocating more specific and formal training for the next generation
of tourist professionals and managers. An example of this trend is
the University of Verona, Italy where a new Master of Tourism Management
is now offered to the Graduate students. This graduate degree is open
to graduated from many unrelated fields and diverse background are
indeed encouraged. In 2004 I was honored to teach 3 classes in this
program, which has been very successful, and many other university
worldwide now implements it. Some of the courses taught were Cultural
Tourism, Event Organizing, Internet Marketing, and Outdoor Tourism.
CERTIFICATIONS & LICENSING
An well known example of basic certification is the CPR (Cardio Pulmonary
Resuscitation) which is now required by many employers. Local Red
Cross Chapters, Hospitals and Fire Departments (along with many other
local institutions) usually provide CPR classes for a nominal fee.
It is worthy of notice that many Outdoor Operators are now asking
their employees to add AED (Automated External Defibrillators) certification
to the current CPR as an added level of safety for their clients.
AED units have become very affordable ($1,000) and they really make
a lot of sense in remote (and not so remote) situation where a "quick
medical response" is not an option. To become ADA certified would
be another Certification to obtain that would look great on anybody's
Resume, and it may save someone's life in an emergency. For more information
on AED at American
Heart and Red
Cross.
However, please be aware that some Certifications (like CPR or AED)
are relatively easy to obtain but they must be kept current. Their
acceptance and validity also may change depending on the State of
operation. New discoveries and a better understanding of the laws
regulating the human physiology impose constant reviews of these medical
techniques. Once in a lifetime won't cut it anymore. No matter what
knowledge you seek you must retain a strong will to learn.
It is easy to see how the majority of today's required Certifications
deal with Risk Management, Liabilities and Safety. They belong to
a group of Certification that little to do with the level of services
offered to a clients but satisfied the long list of safety concerned
linked to the insurance portion of an operation. However these type
of safety regulations are not time wasted nor they are an added layer
of bureaucracy for indeed they help preventing thousands fatal accidents
each year.
Certifications and Licensing on LAND and WATER.
WATER - Generally speaking the water certification (with some
exceptions fro the rivers) are managed and controlled by the US Coast
Guard. When there is water involved, the United States Coast Guard
is more or less it.
USCG Licenses - Over the past ten years the applications for
a captain's license have doubled each year. The popular OUPV (Operator
of Un-inspected Passenger Vessle) license permits a Captain to operate
an uninspected passenger vessel with up to six paying passengers (hence
the term "six-pack") plus crew. The OUPV can have an Inland
or Near Coastal designation based on the bodies of water where you
have obtained your sea experience. Inland will allow you to operate
inside the Boundary Line with paying passengers, and Near Coastal
allows you to operate up to 100 miles from shore with paying passengers.
This license is the easiest to obtain and includes most of the charter
boats and party boats in business today.
A number of professional schools are authorized to issue such license
and will exempt you from taking the Coast Guard exam if you take their
course. Courses run anywhere from $500 to well over $1,000 for the
six-pack course. This License can be later upgraded to an OUPV Master
25/50/100 Ton License.
There are many other Licenses issued by the Coast Guard. For more
information check out the Charter Boat Captain Information at http://www.uscg.mil/stcw/cb-capt.htm
or for detailed information on Merchant Mariner Licensing and Documentation
click here
How many Captains are there? As an example, in the state of Florida
alone there are more than 5,000 USCG Captains, but how many among
these really make living by guiding, or chartering their vessels,
nobody really knows.
While the USCG regulates the Inland and Near Coastal waters the picture
becomes a bit more confusing when we move on the river. Here there
is ongoing debate nationwide on the role that should be played by
the USCG and the interaction with the other Agencies involved in the
regulation of our river systems (BLM, National Forest Service, Park
Service etc.) to mention just few of them.
LAND - School and Certification issuing bodies
working on mainland are more diverse, and there is not a federal agency
that can claim, like for the USCG, the monopoly of the licensing and/
or instruction. Again Risk Management and Safety of the guests are
at the heart of these certifications. The great majority of these
certifications do not teach how to run a business.
NOLS - (National Outdoor Leadership School) NOLS
Professional Training brings you the best of both worlds: the best
instructors and the best curriculum in the industry, taught in customized,
made-to-order programs that fit the unique needs of your organization.
OUTDOORED.com - The OutdoorEd
Directory provides a searchable company listings for outdoor education
and experiential education organizations, programs and companies including:
schools, camps, training providers, therapeutic programs, corporate
training and development, team building, and outdoor education centers.
SOLO Wilderness Medicine - Founded in 1976 as a school dedicated
to teaching Wilderness and Emergency Medicine, SOLO
(Stonehearth Open Learning Opportunities) is the only school of its
kind offering an educational, research, and conference center to both
the international outdoor rescue and emergency medical communities
as well as the local rural communities of New England.
NASAR (National Association for Search and Rescue) - The National
Association for Search and Rescue (NASAR) has dedicated itself
to preparing those involved in search and rescue.
AAA (American Canoe Association) - AAA
Safety courses Designed for the whitewater paddlers and/or rescue
personnel who may be called to assist in an entrapment or rescue situation.
The American Canoe Association's Safety and Rescue program offers
instructor certification at 3 levels - Essentials of River Safety
and Rescue (ERSR), Swiftwater Rescue (SWR), and Advanced Swiftwater
Rescue (AWSR).
MRA - Mountain Rescue Association
The Mountain Rescue Association (MRA) was established in 1958 at Timberline
Lodge at Mount Hood, Oregon making us the oldest Search and Rescue
association in the United States. The large majority of its membership
is made up of unpaid professional volunteers who have been fully accredited
in Mountain Search and Rescue operations.
RMOC - Rocky Mountain
Outdoor Center has been the premier whitewater kayaking school
in the Rocky Mountain West since 1982. Our kayak instruction facility
is on the banks of the famous Arkansas River with whitewater out the
door!
AAA - The
American Avalanche Association (AAA) is comprised of a collective
group of dedicated professionals engaged in the study, forecasting,
control and mitigation of snow avalanches. AAA Safety Courses are
often referred to as Level I and Level II, or Introductory and Advanced
courses. In the US courses are further divided into backcountry, mountaineering
and pro courses.
These are just few among the best known Certification issuing bodies.
To these we must add National Forest Service (NFS) and its State Affiliates,
the Bureau of Land Management BLM, the National Park Service (NPS)
that play an important role or regulation, licensing and certification
of outdoor operators.
Schools without a Degree - Outfitters and Guides
Schools
There are a considerable number of different 'trade schools' for Guides
and Outfitters, which take the communication of skills with a "hands
on" approach. These schools are in the great majority of the
cases run as an extension of a successful full time Outfitting operation.
However, while the students do not receive a recognized certification
or diploma, they can acquire an incredible wealth of practical knowledge
that will prepare them well and will help them finding a job in the
outfitting market. To be noticed also that some of these schools instructors
also teach classes to their local Community Colleges, making the whole
package even more appealing.
Schools with an Academic Degree
Although the formal education of the professional
of the tourist sector is still a fairly young reality, we can find
some institutions out there that offer a formal education in the field.
This will not guarantee you to find a job but it is a great start.
Many of these modern Degree require the students to conduct an internship
with a local company which is operating in the outdoors adding some
invaluable "hands on" experience to books and classes. Some
examples: